{"id":11818,"date":"2021-08-11T11:00:08","date_gmt":"2021-08-11T10:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.westwoodenergy.com\/?p=11818"},"modified":"2025-03-17T14:09:04","modified_gmt":"2025-03-17T14:09:04","slug":"explaining-direct-air-capture-dac-and-the-energy-transition","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.westwoodenergy.com\/sectors\/energy-transition\/explaining-direct-air-capture-dac-and-the-energy-transition","title":{"rendered":"Explaining direct air capture (DAC) and the energy transition"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_animated_title heading_tag=&#8221;h1&#8243; style=&#8221;color-strip-reveal&#8221; color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; text=&#8221;Direct air capture explained&#8221;][vc_column_text]In a rapidly warming world, it is no longer enough just to cut carbon emissions. Authorities now believe the only way to achieve net zero emissions by 2050 is to take carbon out of the atmosphere. The International Energy Agency (IEA), for example, estimates we will need to have removed <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/reports\/net-zero-by-2050\">7.6 billion tonnes<\/a> <\/span>of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere within 30 years to stay on track with climate targets. The exact amount needed will depend on how fast carbon emissions can be reduced, and therefore which residual level of emissions need to be removed from the atmosphere to reach net zero.<\/p>\n<p>In any event much of this will come from carbon capture and storage linked to carbon-emitting power and industrial plants. But a fair amount will have to be sucked out of the atmosphere. Perhaps the simplest and most cost-effective way to do this is through reforestation, but the time required for new trees to grow means relying on nature is an increasingly risky way of meeting 2050 targets.<\/p>\n<p>Another option is direct air capture (DAC): a technology that captures and sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide so it can be stored safely or reused.[\/vc_column_text][nectar_animated_title heading_tag=&#8221;h6&#8243; style=&#8221;color-strip-reveal&#8221; color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; text=&#8221;The Technology&#8221;][vc_column_text]The principle behind DAC is relatively straightforward: you find a chemical that binds with carbon dioxide and then pass air over it or through it. Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) is one chemical that does the job, turning into sodium carbonate (washing soda) in the process. In practice, DAC technologies use either liquid solvents or solid sorbents to capture carbon dioxide. The catch comes when you need to get the carbon dioxide out of the solvent or sorbent, so you can store or reuse it. This process typically requires a lot of energy.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;11834&#8243; image_size=&#8221;full&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;entrance&#8221; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_movement_type=&#8221;transform_y&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h6>Schematic diagram of Climeworks\u2019 DAC technology Source: <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/climeworks.com\/co2-removal\">Climeworks<\/a>.<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Exactly how much <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1557\/s43581-021-00005-9\">varies a lot<\/a><\/span> depending on the process involved. In any event, this energy use makes DAC expensive relative to alternatives, potentially ranging from <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/secure.jbs.elsevierhealth.com\/action\/consumeSsoCookie?redirectUri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cell.com%2Faction%2FconsumeSharedSessionAction%3FJSESSIONID%3Daaa5X0toxOcO--vA1whRx%26MAID%3Df9FGAiYgGqrit12uim12zg%253D%253D%26SERVER%3DWZ6myaEXBLF%252B9vQ18y9JMw%253D%253D%26I2KBRCK%3D1%26ORIGIN%3D945057133%26RD%3DRD%26exp%3D1Yo0tkwSiRZrulWpu97m7w%25253D%25253D&amp;code=null&amp;acw=Secure;SameSite=None&amp;utt=\">USD$50 to $1,000<\/a><\/span> per tonne of CO<sub>2<\/sub>. DAC technologies using amine solvents also use a lot of water. And depending on where you get your energy from, extracting carbon dioxide from your solvent or sorbent could also involve the release of a fair amount of carbon emissions, somewhat negating the point of DAC in the first place.[\/vc_column_text][nectar_animated_title heading_tag=&#8221;h6&#8243; style=&#8221;color-strip-reveal&#8221; color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; text=&#8221;The Outlook&#8221;][vc_column_text]Net-zero pathways see an increasing role for DAC as the timeframe required for carbon reduction narrows. The IEA, for example, expects DAC to be responsible for 13% of global carbon removal by 2050. But a major problem for DAC at present is that the process costs more than what the market is willing to pay for carbon.[\/vc_column_text][image_with_animation image_url=&#8221;11835&#8243; image_size=&#8221;full&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;entrance&#8221; animation=&#8221;Fade In&#8221; animation_easing=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_movement_type=&#8221;transform_y&#8221; hover_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; alignment=&#8221;&#8221; border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; box_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; image_loading=&#8221;default&#8221; max_width=&#8221;100%&#8221; max_width_mobile=&#8221;default&#8221;][vc_column_text]\n<h6>Global CO<sub>2<\/sub> capture by source in the IEA\u2019s net zero pathway. Source: IEA Net Zero by 2050 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/iea.blob.core.windows.net\/assets\/beceb956-0dcf-4d73-89fe-1310e3046d68\/NetZeroby2050-ARoadmapfortheGlobalEnergySector_CORR.pdf\">report<\/a><\/strong><\/span>.<\/h6>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]So, unless customers want to pay over the odds for carbon removal\u2014and some corporations may be happy to do so as part of their carbon-offsetting strategies\u2014the large-scale deployment of DAC seems unlikely unless the cost of the process comes down and\/or the price of carbon goes up. DAC also competes with cheaper carbon removal technologies, including nature-based solutions such as reforestation and point-source CO<sub>2<\/sub> capture where carbon is captured directly at sources such as power stations and factories.<\/p>\n<p>That hasn\u2019t stopped start-ups from attempting to crack to the market. Among the more notable players is <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/carbonengineering.com\/\">Carbon Engineering<\/a> <\/span>of Vancouver, Canada. The company has attracted backing from Bill Gates, Chevron Corporation and Occidental Petroleum, among others. Others to watch include <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/climeworks.com\/\">Climeworks<\/a><\/span>, which is involved in an important DAC project in Iceland, and <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/globalthermostat.com\/\">Global Thermostat<\/a><\/span>, which is <a href=\"https:\/\/globalthermostat.com\/2021\/02\/reversing-climate-change-by-pulling-carbon-out-of-the-air\/\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">working with Coca-Cola<\/span><\/a> to supply climate-friendly carbon for carbonated drinks and with Porsche to produce carbon-neutral vehicle fuels.<\/p>\n<p>It remains to be seen whether these companies and their brethren can bring about the establishment of a viable market for DAC. The technology is likely to play some role in a broader carbon management approach to achieving net zero. And for now, DAC has one thing going for it, at least: in the US, it is one of the few climate-related concepts that both Democrats and Republicans could be <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/thehill.com\/opinion\/energy-environment\/562473-direct-air-capture-is-a-crucial-bipartisan-climate-policy\">happy to support<\/a><\/span>.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_color=&#8221;#66a671&#8243; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overflow=&#8221;visible&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;padding-3-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_direction_desktop=&#8221;default&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; desktop_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_backdrop_filter=&#8221;none&#8221; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; column_position=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; animation_type=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221; column_padding_type=&#8221;default&#8221; gradient_type=&#8221;default&#8221;][nectar_animated_title heading_tag=&#8221;h6&#8243; style=&#8221;color-strip-reveal&#8221; color=&#8221;Accent-Color&#8221; text=&#8221;Sign-up to receive alerts of new podcast episodes and the latest Energy Transition Insights newsletter&#8221;][vc_raw_html css=&#8221;&#8221;]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[\/vc_raw_html][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A brief explanation of the role of hydrogen in the energy transition.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":11844,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[353,38,430,482,48,456,335,336],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-11818","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-all_articles","8":"category-blog","9":"category-energy-transition","10":"category-energy_transition_explainers","11":"category-news","12":"category-renewables-power","13":"category-sectors","14":"category-subsectors"},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Explaining direct air capture (DAC) and the energy transition - Westwood<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explaining geothermal energy and the energy transition, history, technology and strategies being employed. 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